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div class=Section1>
table class=MsoTableGrid border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0
style='border-collapse:collapse;mso-yfti-tbllook:480;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
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td width=780 valign=top style='width:6.5in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent align=center style='text-align:center;text-indent:
0in;line-height:16.0pt'>b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>ASSESSING TEACHING
METHODS FOR A o:p>/o:p>/span>/b>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent align=center style='text-align:center;text-indent:
0in;line-height:16.0pt'>b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>COURSE IN NUMERICAL
METHODSo:p>/o:p>/span>/b>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent align=center style='text-align:center;text-indent:
0in;line-height:16.0pt'>b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>span
style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/b>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent style='text-indent:0in'>b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'>span style='color:black'>Abstracto:p>/o:p>/span>/b>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent>span style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent>span style='color:black'>Effectiveness of four instructional
delivery modalities – 1) Traditional lecture, 2) Web-enhanced lecture, 3)
Web-based self-study, and 4) Combined web-based self-study & classroom discussion,
was investigated for a single instructional unit (Nonlinear Equations) over
separate administrations of an undergraduate course in Numerical Methods.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Two assessment instruments – 1) student
performance on a multiple-choice examination, and 2) a student satisfaction
survey were used to gather relevant data to compare the delivery modalities.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>/span>Statistical analysis of the assessment
data indicates that the second modality where web-based modules for
instruction were used in conjunction with a face-to-face lecture delivery
mode resulted in higher levels of student performance and satisfaction.span
style='color:black'>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left'>b>span
style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/b>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left'>b>span
style='color:black'>Background and Rationaleo:p>/o:p>/span>/b>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left'>b>span
style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/b>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Web-based modules have been
developed for a junior-level Numerical Methods course delivered in the /span>st1:place>st1:PlaceType>span
style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>College/span>/st1:PlaceType>span
style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'> of /span>st1:PlaceName>span
style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Engineering/span>/st1:PlaceName>/st1:place>span
style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'> at /span>st1:place>st1:PlaceType>span
style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>University/span>/st1:PlaceType>span
style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'> of /span>st1:PlaceName>span
style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>South Florida/span>/st1:PlaceName>/st1:place>span
style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>, /span>st1:City>st1:place>span
style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Tampa/span>/st1:place>/st1:City>span
style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>The features of the web-based
modules are addressed indirectly since the complete details are readily available
in Refsup>1, 2/sup>.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Stating in
brief, the unique features of the web-based modules are that they are both i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>holistic/i> and i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>customized/i>.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>/span>i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>span style='color:black'>Holistically/span>/i>span
style='color:black'>, the web-based modulesi style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'> /i>review essential course background information; present
numerical methods through several options - textbook notes, lecture videos,
PowerPoint presentations, simulations and assessments; show how course content
covered is applied in real life; tell stories to illustrate special topics
and pitfalls; and give historical perspectives to the materialsup>1,2/sup>.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Faculty and students are able to choose a
customized view based on their preferred computational system - Maplesup>3/sup>,
Mathcadsup>4/sup>, Mathematicasup>5/sup>, Matlabsup>6/sup>, and choice
of engineering major - Chemical, Civil, Computer, Electrical, General,
Industrial, and Mechanical.o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in'>o:p> /o:p>/p>
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td width=660 valign=top style='width:5.5in;border:none;border-bottom:solid green 1.5pt;
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p class=MsoNormal style='mso-yfti-cnfc:2'>i>span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold'>Figure 1: Home page of the Holistic Numerical Methods Institute -
Committed to Bringing Customized Numerical Methods Holistically to
Undergraduates./span>/i>o:p>/o:p>/p>
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p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>The focus of this research is
to compare four different modes of instructional delivery, namelyo:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='margin-left:56.1pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-20.1pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo22;tab-stops:list 56.1pt'>![if !supportLists]>span
style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1)span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> /span>/span>/span>![endif]>span
style='color:black'>Traditional lecture, span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold'>o:p>/o:p>/span>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='margin-left:56.1pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-20.1pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo22;tab-stops:list 56.1pt'>![if !supportLists]>span
style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>span style='mso-list:Ignore'>2)span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> /span>/span>/span>![endif]>span
style='color:black'>Web-enhanced lecture,span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold'>o:p>/o:p>/span>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='margin-left:56.1pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-20.1pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo22;tab-stops:list 56.1pt'>![if !supportLists]>span
style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3)span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> /span>/span>/span>![endif]>span
style='color:black'>Web-based self-study, and span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold'>o:p>/o:p>/span>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='margin-left:56.1pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-20.1pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo22;tab-stops:list 56.1pt'>![if !supportLists]>span
style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>span style='mso-list:Ignore'>4)span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> /span>/span>/span>![endif]>span
style='color:black'>Web-based self-study/discussionspan style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold'>o:p>/o:p>/span>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>The present study is a
follow-up of findings reported in a previous papersup>7/sup> where we
addressed only the first two modalities.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
/span>Since the previous study was completed, the course has been delivered
twice more, once with a web-based self-study and another with combined
web-based self-study followed by a classroom discussion.o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>span style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>span style='color:black'>In
recent years, there has been a substantial amount of research exploring how
to enhance student learning across disciplines, including science,
mathematics, engineering, and technology (SMET) courses.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Research in this area spans academic disciplines
and professional preparation, from medicinesup>8/sup> to educationsup>9/sup>
and computing to businesssup>10/sup>.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
/span>Furthermore, the research base is exploring how e-learning, as internet-based
education is often referred to, has different benefits based on
characteristics of the individual student.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
/span>The British Journal of International Technology devoted an entire
edition to this issue alonesup>11/sup> addressing, among other things, the
need to be cognizant that distance learning has a unique ability to provide
students with different learning modalities with varied resources and
strategies.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Techniques and tools to be
used to enhance learning using the web include effective and adaptive
navigation as well as addressing multiple and diverse needs and interests of
the studentsup>12/sup>.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>span style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>span style='color:black'>The
text, i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>How People Learn/i>sup>13/sup>
provides a foundation for many of the issues facing current educators who are
encountering an increasingly diverse and multi-faceted student population.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>This literature was foundational to the
exploration of various modalities of course delivery considered in this study.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>According to i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>How People Learn/i>, experts (in this case, faculty) “i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>often forget what is easy and what is
difficult for students/i>sup>13, p. 32/sup>.”span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Relative to this issue, the modules and
instructional materials developed through this study offer both students and
faculty a comprehensive instructional package for simplifying and enhancing
the teaching of numerical methods across the engineering curriculum.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>span style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>span style='color:black'>Further,
research has demonstrated that it is beneficial to provide “i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>instruction that enables students to see
models of how experts organize and solve problems/i>” and that “i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>the level of complexity of the models must
be tailored to the learners’ current levels of knowledge and skills/i>sup>13,
p. 37/sup>.”span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The design and format of
the web-based modules helps students see how experts apply fundamental
numerical methods to solve real world engineering problems both within and
across different engineering disciplines.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
/span>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>span style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>span style='color:black'>And
finally, citing again from this same synthesis of research findings, we know
that “i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>A major goal of schooling is to
prepare students for flexible adaptation to new problems and settings/i>sup>13,
p. 65/sup>” and that “i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>knowledge that
is taught in only a single context is less likely to support flexible
knowledge transfer than is knowledge that is taught in multiple contexts/i>sup>13,
p. 66/sup>.”span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>/span>Our effort was to
provide instruction opportunity to suit different learning stylessup>14/sup>.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>span style='color:black'>By enabling
students to select both a preferred computational system as well as to select
one or more illustrative examples drawn from seven popular engineering majors
within each topic area, these interactive instructional modules maximize the
likelihood of lasting and flexible learning transfer of essential numerical
methods course content.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>o:p> /o:p>/b>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Implementation
& Assessment Instrumentso:p>/o:p>/b>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'>span style='mso-tab-count:
1'> /span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'>span style='mso-tab-count:
1'> /span>The previous studysup>7/sup> compared the first two
modalities 1) Traditional lecture, and 2) span style='color:black'>Web-enhanced
lecture for the two topics of Nonlinear Equations and Interpolation.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>In this paper, the focus is narrowed to the
topic of Nonlinear Equation, but the scope of data is broadened by looking at
four modes of delivering the content. span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The
four modalities were implemented in four separate semesters - Summer 2002,
Summer 2003, Summer 2004 and Spring 2005a style='mso-footnote-id:ftn1'
href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title="">span class=MsoFootnoteReference>span
style='mso-special-character:footnote'>![if !supportFootnotes]>span
class=MsoFootnoteReference>span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'>[1]/span>/span>![endif]>/span>/span>/a>
semesters, respectively. o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>span style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>span style='color:black'>In
Summer 2002 semester, students in the Numerical Methods course were
instructed on Nonlinear Equations using the traditional, face-to-face lecture
method without the use of the web-based modules, hereafter referred to as the
i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Traditional Lecture/i> mode of
delivery.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>We used a popular engineering
numerical methods textbooksup>15/sup> for reading assignments and problem
sets.o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>span style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>span style='color:black'>In
Summer 2003 semester, students were instructed on the same topic of Nonlinear
Equations using both lecture and the web-based resources that were developed
for the course, hereafter referred to as the i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>Web Enhanced Lecture/i>.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Before
discussing numerical methods for a mathematical procedure, we conducted an
in-class and informal diagnostic test on the background information via
several multiple-choice questions.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
/span>This allowed us to review specific material that most students
struggle with.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>We used PowerPoint
presentations to present the topics.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
/span>These presentations were continually supplemented with discussions based
on spontaneous instructor and student questions.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Several times during the presentation,
students were also paired in class to work out an iteration or two for a numerical
problem.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>We also met during the weekly
computer laboratory session where each student had access to a computer.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Simulations for various numerical methods
were conducted.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>/span>st1:City>st1:place>span
style='color:black'>Reading/span>/st1:place>/st1:City>span
style='color:black'> assignments were based on textbook notes written by the
first author, and problem sets included questions based on Bloom’s taxonomysup>16/sup>.o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>span style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>span style='color:black'>In Summer
2004 semester, students received instruction through a distance format
without a classroom lecture component, hereafter called the i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Web-Based Self Study/i> mode.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Same resources were available to students
as they were in Summer 2003.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>In
addition, lecture videos that were video recorded in a studio were available
online.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Since the students were
learning the material themselves, regular class periods and the weekly lab
session that were devoted to the topic of Nonlinear Equations as in Summer
2003 were cancelled.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>At the end of the
week, as part of their graded homework assignment, students were asked to
submit answers to 18 short questions (6 on each of the 3 subtopics of
Background, Bisection Method, and Newton-Raphson Method) that were based on
six levels of Bloom’s taxonomy.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The
reading assignments and problem sets were the same as in Summer 2003.o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>span style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>span style='color:black'>In
Spring 2005 semester, students used the same self-study methods as those in Summer
2004 but were required to meet in the weekly lab session to discuss the
lesson.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>This mode hereafter is called i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Web-based Self Study/Class Discussion.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>/i>Although attending the weekly lab
session was mandatory, they were not required to ask questions.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Before the weekly lab session, as part of
their graded homework assignment, students were asked to submit answers to 9
short questions (3 on each of the 3 subtopics) based on b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'>first/b> three levels of Bloom’s taxonomy.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>After the weekly lab session, they were
asked to submit answers to 9 more short questions (3 on each of the 3
subtopics) based on b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>last/b> three
levels of Bloom’s taxonomy.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The
reading assignments and problem sets were the same as in Summer 2003.o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>span style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>span style='color:black'>To
measure the student performance, foura style='mso-footnote-id:ftn2'
href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title="">span class=MsoFootnoteReference>span
style='mso-special-character:footnote'>![if !supportFootnotes]>span
class=MsoFootnoteReference>span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'>[2]/span>/span>![endif]>/span>/span>/a>
questions were asked in the Nonlinear Equations portion of the final
examination.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Two of the four questions
were selected at the lower levels of Bloom’s taxonomy, while the other two were
chosen from the upper levels of Bloom’s taxonomy.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Student performance on these four questions
was examined as a function of the four course delivery modes. o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>span style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>span style='color:black'>To measure
student satisfaction, a survey that gathered information on students’
perceptions of the i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>presentation/i> and
how it impacted their learning of the material was developed.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>This data was both quantitative and
qualitative in nature, thus permitting exploration of the reasons behind
student ratings.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The instrument
consisted of eight Likertsup>17/sup> items (see Table 4) using a scale from
1 (truly inadequate) to 7 (truly outstanding).span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Instruments for the selected response
options was consistent across semesters, however, qualitative data varied
based on the mode of delivery.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>No
qualitative data was gathered in the initial (Summer 2002) year of course
delivery.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>For the other three years, questions
varied slightly, based on delivery mode.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
/span>While in Summer 2003, only one open-ended /span>question was asked, “In
what way can the class presentations be improved for Nonlinear Equations“.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>In Summer 2004 and Spring 2005, four
questions were asked.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>In addition to
the question asked in 2003, the other three questions for 2005 were: “How did
you learn the material for Nonlinear Equations?”span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>What did you like most about the web-based
and class presentation for Nonlinear Equations?”, and “What did you like
least about the web-based and class presentations for Nonlinear Equations”. span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The 2004 questions were similar but did not
address class presentations since they were not a part of the instruction in
2004.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The answers were analyzed
thematically to identify trends as well as strengths and weaknesses of the
course as perceived by the students.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>o:p>/o:p>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>o:p> /o:p>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>To evaluate the effectiveness of
the various modes of delivery, the same sources of assessment data was used
across the four years as well as the survey data previously discussed.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Student performance was examined relative
to their starting abilities, as reflected in their combined GPA across four
prerequisite courses, Calculus I, Calculus II, Calculus st1:stockticker>III/st1:stockticker>,
and Differential Equations. o:p>/o:p>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>span
style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/b>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>span
style='color:black'>Assessment Resultso:p>/o:p>/span>/b>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent>span style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent>span style='color:black'>Students in each of the
four classes were typically in the later stages of their academic career and
were identified as coming from three different sources.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>They were identified as either transfer
students from the Community College (CC), First Time in College (FTIC), or
Other (OTa style='mso-footnote-id:ftn3' href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3"
title="">span class=MsoFootnoteReference>span style='mso-special-character:
footnote'>![if !supportFootnotes]>span class=MsoFootnoteReference>span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'>[3]/span>/span>![endif]>/span>/span>/a>).span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Since the Mean GPA (MPGPA) of the four
prerequisite courses was of interest as a predictor, there was a concern
about the equity of class composition as a function of where the students
might have taken the four prerequisite courses.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Chi-Square Goodness of Fit tests were
conducted to determine if each of the classes delivered under the four
different modalities /span>contained similar students.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The results of these analyses revealed that
there were nospan style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>statistically
significant differences (using a Type I error rate of 0.5) across classes
based on gender or location of previous course work (span style='font-family:
Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>span style='mso-char-type:
symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>c/span>/span>sup>2/sup>= 1.07,
p=0.7849 for gender and span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-char-type:symbol;
mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>span style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:
Symbol'>c/span>/span>sup>2/sup>= 18.96, p=0.4410 for location of previous
course work).b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>span style='color:red'> /span>/b>span
style='color:black'>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent>span style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent>span style='color:black'>Two assessment
instrumentssup>7/sup> were used to explore the impact of course delivery
mode on student achievement and satisfaction.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
/span>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent style='margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.25in;
mso-list:l4 level1 lfo6'>![if !supportLists]>span style='color:black'>span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
/span>/span>/span>![endif]>span style='color:black'>multiple choice question
final examinationsup>7/sup> based on Bloom’s taxonomy, ando:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent style='margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.25in;
mso-list:l4 level1 lfo6'>![if !supportLists]>span style='color:black'>span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
/span>/span>/span>![endif]>span style='color:black'>student satisfaction
surveysup>7/sup>.o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent>span style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent>span style='color:black'>The summer semesters of
2002 and 2003 were 6 weeks long, the summer 2004 semester was 10 weeks long, and
the Spring 2005 semester was 16 weeks long.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
/span>As such, results must be considered with regards to this potentially
influential factor.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;
text-indent:0in'>span style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>span
style='color:black'>A. Multiple-Choice Final Examination Based on Bloom’s
Taxonomyo:p>/o:p>/span>/i>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.25in'>span style='color:black'>Four
multiple-choice questions on Nonlinear Equations were used to gauge how well
students performed in this area of the course delivered under the four
different modalities.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Two questions
were asked at lower levels i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>(Knowledge, Comprehension,
and Application)/i> of Bloom’s taxonomy and two questions were asked at upper
levels i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>(Analysis, Synthesis, and
Evaluation) /i>of Bloom’s taxonomy.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.25in'>span style='color:black'>span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.25in'>span style='color:black'>Each
correct answer was given a score of one while an incorrect answer was scored
as a zero, for two possible points for each of the lower and upper level sets
of questions.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>For each of the four
classes, Table 1/span>span style='color:blue'> /span>contains the sample size
and the means for the incoming GPA on the four prerequisite courses (Calculus
I, Calculus II, Calculus st1:stockticker>III/st1:stockticker> and Ordinary
Differential Equations) as well as the mean scores on the two point upper and
lower Bloom’s Taxonomy questions.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>For
three of the four classes, the sample size was similar (42 in 2002, 49 in
2004 and 41 in 2005) while the other class was notably smaller (N=27 in 2003).span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Incoming MPGPA also varied, with the lowest
MPGPA of 2.59 in the 2002 group and the highest MPGPA of 2.81 in the 2003
group.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>It is important to note that
the highest MPGPA is in the group that had the smaller sample size.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Additionally, the variability for MPGPA, as
evidenced by the standard deviation was more pronounced in the 2003 student
group than in the other three, which is an expected occurrence with a smaller
sample size. span style='color:black'>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;tab-stops:58.5pt'>i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>span style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/i>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;tab-stops:58.5pt'>i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>span style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/i>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;tab-stops:58.5pt'>i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>span style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/i>/p>
table class=MsoTableGrid border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0
style='border-collapse:collapse;mso-yfti-tbllook:480;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;page-break-inside:avoid'>
td width=741 colspan=8 style='width:444.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='tab-stops:58.5pt'>i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>span style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Table 1 –
Sample Size and Means of Incoming GPA(MPGPA) and Final Examination Scoreo:p>/o:p>/span>/i>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1;page-break-inside:avoid'>
td width=133 rowspan=2 style='width:79.8pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Classo:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=94 rowspan=2 style='width:56.5pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>No:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=171 colspan=2 style='width:102.85pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:
solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>MPGPAo:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=171 colspan=2 style='width:102.85pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:
solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Upper Bloomo:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=171 colspan=2 style='width:102.85pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:
solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Lower Bloomo:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2;page-break-inside:avoid'>
td width=86 style='width:51.4pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Meano:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>(max=4)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.45pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>SDo:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.4pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Meano:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>(max=2)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.45pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>SDo:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.4pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Meano:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>(max=2)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.45pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>SDo:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:3;page-break-inside:avoid'>
td width=133 style='width:79.8pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>2002o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=94 style='width:56.5pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>42o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.4pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>2.59o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.45pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>0.763o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.4pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>0.86o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.45pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>0.647o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.4pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>1.29o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.45pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>0.457o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:4;page-break-inside:avoid;height:9.75pt'>
td width=133 style='width:79.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:9.75pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>2003o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=94 style='width:56.5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:9.75pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>27o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.4pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:9.75pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>2.81o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.45pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:9.75pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>0.916o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.4pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:9.75pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>0.96o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.45pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:9.75pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>0.808o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.4pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:9.75pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>1.56o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.45pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:9.75pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>0.506o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:5;page-break-inside:avoid'>
td width=133 style='width:79.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>2004o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=94 style='width:56.5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>49o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.4pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>2.75o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.45pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>0.606o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.4pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>0.80o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.45pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>0.707o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.4pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>1.47o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.45pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>0.581o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:6;page-break-inside:avoid'>
td width=133 style='width:79.8pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>2005o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=94 style='width:56.5pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>41o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.4pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>2.63o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.45pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>0.785o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.4pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>0.51o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.45pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>0.675o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.4pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>1.32o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.45pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>0.521o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:7;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes;page-break-inside:avoid'>
td width=133 style='width:79.8pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Totalo:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=94 style='width:56.5pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>159o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.4pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.45pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.4pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.45pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.4pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=86 style='width:51.45pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;tab-stops:58.5pt'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
/table>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;tab-stops:58.5pt'>i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>span style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/i>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left'>span
style='color:black'>span style='mso-tab-count:1'> /span>To test
the potential for different modalities of delivery to impact student performance,
a two-factor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was conducted.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Students were classified into one of three
groups:span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>low, medium, and high
ability.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Classification into a
category was based on incoming GPA on the four prerequisite courses.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The low category was comprised of student
in the 25sup>th/sup> percentile of the sample, the medium category was
comprised of students who scored in the middle half of the percentile scores,
and the high category was comprised of students in the 75sup>th/sup>
percentile or higher.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The distribution
of these students is presented in Table 2.o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left'>span
style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left'>i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>span style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Table 2 – Sample
Size of Students in Each Ability Level by Cohorto:p>/o:p>/span>/i>/p>
div align=center>
table class=MsoTableGrid border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0
style='border-collapse:collapse;mso-yfti-tbllook:480;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0'>
td width=87 valign=top style='width:52.15pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyText>span style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyText>span style='color:black'>2002o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyText>span style='color:black'>2003o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=94 valign=top style='width:56.1pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyText>span style='color:black'>2004o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=94 valign=top style='width:56.1pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyText>span style='color:black'>2005o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1'>
td width=87 valign=top style='width:52.15pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:
solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyText>span style='color:black'>Lowo:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:
solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyText>span style='color:black'>9o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:
solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyText>span style='color:black'>9o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=94 valign=top style='width:56.1pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:
solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyText>span style='color:black'>8o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=94 valign=top style='width:56.1pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:
solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyText>span style='color:black'>11o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2'>
td width=87 valign=top style='width:52.15pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyText>span style='color:black'>Mediumo:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 valign=top style='width:46.75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyText>span style='color:black'>23o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 valign=top style='width:46.75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyText>span style='color:black'>5o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=94 valign=top style='width:56.1pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyText>span style='color:black'>30o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=94 valign=top style='width:56.1pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyText>span style='color:black'>18o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:3;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'>
td width=87 valign=top style='width:52.15pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyText>span style='color:black'>Higho:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyText>span style='color:black'>10o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyText>span style='color:black'>13o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=94 valign=top style='width:56.1pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyText>span style='color:black'>11o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=94 valign=top style='width:56.1pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyText>span style='color:black'>12o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
/table>
/div>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black'>The results of the two-factor Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA) using the MPGPA and Course Delivery Modality was used to examine
student performance on the two sets of questions representing the lower and
upper levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy are presented in Table 3. span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>F/i>
statistics used in the ANOVA analysis are used to draw conclusions about mean
differences in the population based upon the observed data. span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Each i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>F/i>
statistic is the ratio of a variance estimate based upon differences among
group means and an estimate based upon differences among scores within
groups. span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Large values of i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>F/i> are associated with group mean
differences that are greater than would be expected from only sampling error.
span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>p/i>-value is the probability of obtaining an i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>F/i> statistic as large as the one observed or larger, if the null
hypothesis (that is, equal means in the population) is true. span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The smaller the i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>p/i>-value is, the less we believe that the null hypothesis is true.
span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>When the i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>p/i>-value is smaller than a pre-specified criterion (called /span>span
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:
Symbol'>span style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>a/span>/span>span
style='color:black'>), we officially declare the null hypothesis false and
conclude that the population means are not the same. span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Conversely, if the i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>p/i>-value is larger than /span>span style='font-family:Symbol;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black;mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>span
style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>a/span>/span>span
style='color:black'>, we declare that we fail to reject the null hypothesis. span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The pre-specified value, /span>span
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:
Symbol'>span style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>a/span>/span>span
style='color:black'>, is the probability of rejecting a null hypothesis when
it is true (a decision that is called a Type I error).o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black'>These results of the two-factor, with interaction, design
of experiment are interpreted relative to a level of confidence of /span>span
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:
Symbol'>span style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>a/span>/span>span
style='color:black'>=0.10 (or 90% confidence that the claim can be made) in
the resultssup>18, chapter 10/sup>.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>This
Type I error rate is consistent with the baseline studysup>7/sup> to
determine statistical significance of findings.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Similar to findings in the previous studysup>7/sup>,
and as might be expected, the MPGPA was a significant predictor of student
performance.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The method of delivery
was not statistically significant as a main effect.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>However, an interaction between MPGPA and
mode of delivery was evident for the scores on the lower level taxonomy
questions.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Further follow-up tests
identified that students in the 2002 and 2005 classes performed similarly,
but the 2003 cohort performed significantly higher than the students in the
2002 and 2005 classes.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The results of
the contrast tests of significance between the groups revealed that, using an
alpha of 0.10, the students in 2004 performed similar to the remaining three
groups./span>span style='color:#339966'> o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
div align=center>
table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=698
style='width:418.75pt;border-collapse:collapse;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;page-break-inside:avoid;height:14.1pt'>
td width=698 colspan=4 style='width:418.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.1pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>span
style='color:black'>Table 3 – Results for a Two-Factor ANOVA Design of
Experiments.span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>o:p>/o:p>/span>/span>/i>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1;page-break-inside:avoid;height:14.1pt'>
td width=194 style='width:116.25pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:14.1pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Final
Examination Scoreo:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=299 style='width:179.65pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:14.1pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='color:black'>Source of Variationo:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=114 style='width:68.55pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:14.1pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='color:black'>Fo:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=91 style='width:54.3pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:14.1pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>p
valueo:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2;page-break-inside:avoid;height:13.95pt'>
td width=194 rowspan=3 style='width:116.25pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:13.95pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Upper Level Bloomo:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=299 style='width:179.65pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:13.95pt'>
h1 style='text-align:justify'>span style='color:black;font-weight:normal'>Course
Delivery/span>span style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold'>o:p>/o:p>/span>/h1>
/td>
td width=114 style='width:68.55pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:13.95pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='color:black'>2.02o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=91 style='width:54.3pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:13.95pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='color:black'>0.1130o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:3;page-break-inside:avoid;height:13.95pt'>
td width=299 style='width:179.65pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:
13.95pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>MPGPAo:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=114 style='width:68.55pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:13.95pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='color:black'>5.86o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=91 style='width:54.3pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:13.95pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='color:black'>span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>0.0019*o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:4;page-break-inside:avoid;height:13.95pt'>
td width=299 style='width:179.65pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:13.95pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>MPGPA & Course Deliveryo:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=114 style='width:68.55pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:13.95pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='color:black'>0.77o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=91 style='width:54.3pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:13.95pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='color:black'>span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>0.5929o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:5;page-break-inside:avoid;height:13.95pt'>
td width=194 rowspan=3 style='width:116.25pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:13.95pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Low Level Bloomo:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=299 style='width:179.65pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:13.95pt'>
h1 style='text-align:justify'>span style='color:black;font-weight:normal'>Course
Delivery/span>span style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold'>o:p>/o:p>/span>/h1>
/td>
td width=114 style='width:68.55pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:13.95pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='color:black'>0.92o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=91 style='width:54.3pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:13.95pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='color:black'>0.4316o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:6;page-break-inside:avoid;height:13.95pt'>
td width=299 style='width:179.65pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:
13.95pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>MPGPAo:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=114 style='width:68.55pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:13.95pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='color:black'>16.56o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=91 style='width:54.3pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:13.95pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='color:black'><.0001*o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:7;page-break-inside:avoid;height:13.95pt'>
td width=299 style='width:179.65pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:13.95pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>MPGPA & Course Deliveryo:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=114 style='width:68.55pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:13.95pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='color:black'>2.92o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=91 style='width:54.3pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:13.95pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='color:black'>0.0101*o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:8;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes;page-break-inside:avoid;
height:13.95pt'>
td width=698 colspan=4 style='width:418.75pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:
solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:13.95pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'>span style='color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>* Statistically significant at /span>span
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-char-type:symbol;
mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>span style='mso-char-type:symbol;
mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>a/span>/span>span style='color:black'> =
0.10o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
/table>
/div>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='color:black'>The results in Table 3 can be
summarized as follows:o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
h3 style='margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l12 level1 lfo4'>![if !supportLists]>span
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:
Symbol;color:black;font-weight:normal'>span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> /span>/span>/span>![endif]>u>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Effect of pre-requisite
GPA (Factor A)/span>/u>span style='color:black;font-weight:normal'> /span>span
style='color:black'>– /span>span style='color:black;font-weight:normal'>The
effect of the pre-requisite GPA (MPGPA) on the final examination score is
significant with a 90% confidence level (/span>span style='font-family:
Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black;mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol;font-weight:
normal'>span style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>a/span>/span>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal'> = 0.10) for Nonlinear Equations upper
and lower level Bloom scores.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Students
with prerequisite GPA higher than MPGPA perform better on these scores.o:p>/o:p>/span>/h3>
p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l12 level1 lfo4;
tab-stops:.25in'>![if !supportLists]>span style='font-family:Symbol;
mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> /span>/span>/span>![endif]>u>span
style='color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Effect of course delivery mode (Factor
B)/span>/u>b>span style='color:black'> –/span>/b>span
style='color:black'> The effect of course delivery mode on the final
examination score was not significant at the 90% confidence level (/span>span
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:
Symbol'>span style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>a/span>/span>span
style='color:black'> = 0.10) for Nonlinear Equations upper and lower level
Bloom scores.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Thus, students receiving
instruction under the different modalities did not vary significantly across
the different methods of instruction.b>o:p>/o:p>/b>/span>/p>
h4 style='margin-left:.75in;mso-list:l12 level1 lfo4'>![if !supportLists]>span
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:
Symbol;color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>·span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
/span>/span>/span>![endif]>u>span style='color:black;font-weight:normal;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Effect of pre-requisite GPA and course delivery
mode interaction/span>/u>span style='color:black'> – /span>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal'>The effect of the interaction between
GPA and delivery modality on the lower level Bloom questions was significant
(/span>span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-char-type:symbol;
mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol;font-weight:normal'>span style='mso-char-type:
symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>a/span>/span>span style='color:black;
font-weight:normal'> = 0.10).span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>This
indicates that different ability level students may perform better based on
mode of course delivery./span>span style='color:black'>o:p>/o:p>/span>/h4>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left'>span
style='color:black'>span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>span
style='mso-tab-count:1'> /span>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left'>span
style='color:black'>span style='mso-tab-count:1'> /span>Based on
the findings reported above, as well as an examination of the mean scores
(see Table 1), there is support that the use of web-based modules positively
impact student performance.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Although
not all statistical analyses had statistically significant findings, students
in the 2003 cohort consistently outscored their peers in the other
classes.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Furthermore, the interaction
between mode of delivery and incoming ability level suggests that the use of
web-based modules provides students coming in with a lower ability (as
indicated by GPA on the four prerequisite courses) with an enhanced ability
to be successful on the material presented.o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent style='text-indent:0in'>i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>span style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/i>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent style='text-indent:0in'>i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>span style='color:black'>B. Student Satisfaction Surveyo:p>/o:p>/span>/i>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>span style='color:black'>Student
satisfaction surveys were given on the presentations used to teach Nonlinear
Equations.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The survey consisted of
eight selected response questions, and, depending on the class, included zero
to four open-ended questions.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>span
style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/i>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>span
style='color:black'>Quantitative Analysiso:p>/o:p>/span>/i>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>span style='color:black'>A
seven-point Likert scale was used for the eight selected response items,
ranging from 1 (Truly Inadequate) to 7 (Truly Outstanding).span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>In addition, an Analysis of Variance was
conducted on each of the items.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The
results of these analyses are provided in Table 4.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The results of all eight items are
statistically significant at the set Type I error rate of 0.10.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>In all cases, students in the 2003 cohort
had notably higher scores than in the other three classes of modality
delivery.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Contrast statements support
the contention that this group of students rated these items higher than
their peers in the other classes at an alpha level of 0.05.o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'>span style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>span
style='color:black'>Table 4 – Results of Presentation Items on Surveys on
Nonlinear Equations (number of samples, means, F-values, and p-values)o:p>/o:p>/span>/i>/p>
table class=MsoTableList5 border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=780
style='width:468.25pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;mso-border-insideh:
.75pt solid black'>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;height:27.75pt'>
td width=311 nowrap rowspan=2 valign=top style='width:186.75pt;border:
solid black 1.0pt;border-right:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.75pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:15.5pt'>b>span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Questionso:p>/o:p>/span>/b>/p>
/td>
td width=321 colspan=4 valign=top style='width:192.65pt;border-top:solid black 1.0pt;
border-left:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:none;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.75pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Mean*o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(SD)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=70 nowrap rowspan=2 valign=top style='width:42.1pt;border-top:
solid black 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;
border-right:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.75pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Fo:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 rowspan=2 valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
border-left:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:27.75pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>po:p>/o:p>/span>/i>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1;height:27.75pt'>
td width=72 valign=top style='width:43.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:27.75pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>2002 (N=38) o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=94 nowrap valign=top style='width:56.1pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:27.75pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>2003 (N=27)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 nowrap valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:27.75pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>2004 (N=43)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:27.75pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>2005 o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(N=38)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2;height:48.2pt'>
td width=311 valign=top style='width:186.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:
solid black 1.0pt;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:none;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:48.2pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>In terms of their value
in helping me acquire foundational knowledge and skills, I'd say that the
presentations were .......o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=72 nowrap valign=top style='width:43.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:48.2pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>4.63o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.21)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=94 nowrap valign=top style='width:56.1pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:48.2pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>5.86o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.06)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 nowrap valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:48.2pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>4.53o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.32)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 nowrap valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:48.2pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>4.92o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.01)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=70 nowrap valign=top style='width:42.1pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:48.2pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>7.83o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:48.2pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'><.0001o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:3;height:55.35pt'>
td width=311 valign=top style='width:186.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:
solid black 1.0pt;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:none;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:55.35pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>In terms of their value
in reinforcing information presented both in the reading assignments and in
the problem sets, I’d say that the presentations were . . . . .span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=72 nowrap valign=top style='width:43.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:55.35pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>4.71o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.19)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=94 nowrap valign=top style='width:56.1pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:55.35pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>5.86o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.03)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 nowrap valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:55.35pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>4.49o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.25)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 nowrap valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:55.35pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>5.08o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(0.93)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=70 nowrap valign=top style='width:42.1pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:55.35pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>8.55o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:55.35pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'>span style='font-size:10.0pt'><.0001/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:4;height:60.0pt'>
td width=311 valign=top style='width:186.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:
solid black 1.0pt;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:none;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:60.0pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>In terms of their value
in helping me learn to clearly formulate a specific problem and then work
it through to completion, I'd say that the presentations were
..........span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=72 nowrap valign=top style='width:43.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:60.0pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>4.37o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.40)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=94 nowrap valign=top style='width:56.1pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:60.0pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>5.86o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.09)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 nowrap valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:60.0pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>4.30o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.25)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 nowrap valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:60.0pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>4.89o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.10)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=70 nowrap valign=top style='width:42.1pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:60.0pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>10.05o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:60.0pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'>span style='font-size:10.0pt'><.0001/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:5;height:78.5pt'>
td width=311 valign=top style='width:186.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:
solid black 1.0pt;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:none;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:78.5pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>In terms of their value
in helping me develop generic higher-order thinking (e.g. analysis,
synthesis and evaluation from Bloom's taxonomy brochure I gave you) and
problem solving skills, I’d say that the presentations werespan
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=72 nowrap valign=top style='width:43.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:78.5pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>4.34o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.27)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=94 nowrap valign=top style='width:56.1pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:78.5pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>5.61o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(0.98)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 nowrap valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:78.5pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>4.14o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.37)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 nowrap valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:78.5pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>4.74o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.12)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=70 nowrap valign=top style='width:42.1pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:78.5pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>8.69o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:78.5pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'>span style='font-size:10.0pt'><.0001/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:6;height:60.0pt'>
td width=311 valign=top style='width:186.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:
solid black 1.0pt;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:none;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:60.0pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>In terms of their value
in helping me develop a sense of competence and confidence, I'd say that
the presentations were .....o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=72 nowrap valign=top style='width:43.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:60.0pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>4.58o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.25)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=94 nowrap valign=top style='width:56.1pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:60.0pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>5.68o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.20)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 nowrap valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:60.0pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>3.95o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.24)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 nowrap valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:60.0pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>4.76o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(0.90)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=70 nowrap valign=top style='width:42.1pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:60.0pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>13.22o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:60.0pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'>span style='font-size:10.0pt'><.0001/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:7;height:36.65pt'>
td width=311 valign=top style='width:186.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:
solid black 1.0pt;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:none;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:36.65pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Overall, I’d say that the
clarity of the explanations contained in the presentations were . . . . . o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=72 nowrap valign=top style='width:43.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:36.65pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>4.55o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.32)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=94 nowrap valign=top style='width:56.1pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:36.65pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>6.04o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(0.94)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 nowrap valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:36.65pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>4.35o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.33)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 nowrap valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:36.65pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>5.16o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.04)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=70 nowrap valign=top style='width:42.1pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:36.65pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>12.75o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:36.65pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'>span style='font-size:10.0pt'><.0001/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:8;height:41.35pt'>
td width=311 valign=top style='width:186.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:
solid black 1.0pt;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:none;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:41.35pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>In terms of helping me
see the relevance of the course material to my major, I'd say the
presentations were ........span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=72 nowrap valign=top style='width:43.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:41.35pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>4.18o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.27)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=94 nowrap valign=top style='width:56.1pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:41.35pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>5.79o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.08)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 nowrap valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:41.35pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>4.02o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.37)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 nowrap valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:41.35pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>4.82o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.07)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=70 nowrap valign=top style='width:42.1pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:41.35pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>12.20o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:41.35pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'>span style='font-size:10.0pt'><.0001/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:9;height:50.9pt'>
td width=311 valign=top style='width:186.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:
solid black 1.0pt;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:none;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:50.9pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Overall, I’d say that the
helpfulness of the illustrative examples and practical applications
contained in the presentations were . . . . .span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=72 nowrap valign=top style='width:43.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:50.9pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>4.47o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.40)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=94 nowrap valign=top style='width:56.1pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:50.9pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>5.71o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(0.96)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 nowrap valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:50.9pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>4.28o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(1.25)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 nowrap valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:50.9pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>5.03o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>(0.90)o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=70 nowrap valign=top style='width:42.1pt;border:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
height:50.9pt'>
p class=MsoNormal>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>9.25o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=78 valign=top style='width:46.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:50.9pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'>span style='font-size:10.0pt'><.0001/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:10;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes;height:23.75pt'>
td width=780 colspan=7 valign=top style='width:468.25pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:23.75pt'>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'>span style='font-size:10.0pt'>*
1=Truly Inadequate, 2=Poor, 3=Adequate, 4=Good, 5=Very Good, 6=Excellent,
7=Truly Outstandingo:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
/table>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:58.5pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-58.5pt'>i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/i>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:58.5pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-58.5pt'>i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/i>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:58.5pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-58.5pt'>i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Qualitative
Analysiso:p>/o:p>/span>/i>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>A series of
open-ended questions were asked each year.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
/span>In two of the four years (Summer 2004 and Spring 2005), there were
four similar items.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>In Summer 2003,
there was only one item, and in Summer 2002, no qualitative data was
gathered.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The responses to these items
were reviewed and thematically analyzed.o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in'>i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>span style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/i>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in'>i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>span style='color:black'>Question One
(2004 and 2005):span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>How did you learn the
material for Nonlinear Equations?o:p>/o:p>/span>/i>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>There were
four common resources or methods identified by students as strategies for
learning the Nonlinear Equations material:span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
/span>(1) Textbook Notes, (2) Lecture Videos, and (3) Activities (including
simulations).span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Only 12% students in
2004 and 16% students in 2005 identified only one method of learning the
material, typically either Textbook Notes or Lecture Videos.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The majority of other students cited some
mixture of methods, with the most prevalent listed in Table 5.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Additionally, 9% students in 2004 commented
that they had used online quizzes as a learning method. o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
div align=center>
table class=MsoTableGrid border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0
style='border-collapse:collapse;mso-yfti-tbllook:480;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0'>
td width=637 colspan=3 valign=top style='width:382.1pt;border:none;
border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;
text-indent:0in'>i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/i>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;
text-indent:0in'>i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Table 5 –
Results of How Students Learned Material for Nonlinear Equations/span>/i>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1'>
td width=318 style='width:190.6pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;
text-indent:0in'>span style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold'>Method/Sourceo:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=160 style='width:95.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>2004o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=160 style='width:95.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>2005o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2'>
td width=318 style='width:190.6pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;
text-indent:0in'>span style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold'>Textbook Notes and Lecture Videoso:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=160 style='width:95.75pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>42%o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=160 style='width:95.75pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>28%o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
tr style='mso-yfti-irow:3;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'>
td width=318 style='width:190.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;
text-indent:0in'>span style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold'>Textbook Notes, Lecture Videos, and Assignmentso:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=160 style='width:95.75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>23%o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
td width=160 style='width:95.75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>28%o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
/td>
/tr>
/table>
/div>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>span
style='mso-tab-count:1'> /span>Often, students cited the variety
of resources as beneficial or related a specific process that they followed
utilizing multiple resources.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>For
example, one student in 2004 related, “I watched the videos first, and then I
went back and read over the notes.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>I
then proceeded to do the homework and then checked my answers with the online
quizzes”.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Other students explained how
they used the different resources to back up weak areas.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>One student (also in 2004) stated, “First,
I watched the videos and then I looked over the text that pertained to the
material I was still a little ‘murky’ on”.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
/span>Similar tendencies about using the varied resources were noted in
2005, as illustrated by this response: “I first watched the videos.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Then I looked at the notes.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>I like how the videos reinforced the
notes”.o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in'>i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>span style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/i>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in'>i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>span style='color:black'>Question Two
(2004 and 2005):span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>What did you like
most about the web-based (and class-2005 only) presentation for Nonlinear
Equations?o:p>/o:p>/span>/i>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Students in
both classes consistently identified two major areas that they liked about
the course presentations.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The first
was the ability to review the materials and work at their own pace (20% in
2004 and 31% in 2005) and the second was the quality, relevance, and utility
of the materials (31% in 2004 and 33% in 2005).span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Other areas mentioned by more than one
person included convenience (16% in 2004 and 18% in 2005),
examples/simulations (7% in 2004 and 10% in 2005), not having to come to
class on site (7% in 2004), and the organization/navigation online (7% in
2004).o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Convenience
as well as the ability to reinforce learning was prevalent and obvious responses
across both years.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>For example, in
2004 one student wrote “I could do it at any time and at my own pace” and
another stated, “Nice to watch the videos instead of being in class, could
play it again if there was something you did not understand.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Similar comments were provided from the
students in the 2005 section.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>One
student in this cohort replied, “I liked the fact that I could rewind the
video or pause the presentation at any time, to go over problems or compare
to problems I already did.”o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in'>i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>span style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/i>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in'>i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>span style='color:black'>Question Three
(2004 and 2005):span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>What did you like
least about the web-based (and class-2005 only) presentation for Nonlinear
Equations?o:p>/o:p>/span>/i>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>A small but notable
number of students (9% in 2004 and 22% in 2005) stated that there was nothing
that they liked i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>least/i> about the
class.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Few strong themes among
responses were noted although there were some areas of commonality.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The most prevalent area noted was concerns
about not being able to ask questions real-time with 24% students in 2004
citing this as an area of concern and 22% in 2005.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The other area that spanned both classes
was the lack of sufficient numbers of examples (11% in 2004 and 11% in
2005).span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Other areas noted by more than
one person in a class included needing more time (7% in 2004 and 5% in 2005),
the quality of the audio or video (9% in 2004 and 5% in 2005), and size/type
of files to be downloaded (7% in 2004, 5% in 2005).span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Two individuals in 2005 noted that it was
hard to stay motivated on task and that the online format hurt their eyes.o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>The issue of
not being able to ask questions was obvious and, at times, the responses
relayed frustration over this issue. span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>One student 2005 wrote this response “I DID
NOT HAVE SOMEBODY TO ASK QUESTION AT THE MOMENT” (emphasis from student’s
written response).span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Another individual
in 2004 wrote, “It was hard to motivate yourself to go through it.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>There was no chance to ask a question while
watching the videos.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>If you could have
asked questions it would have been nicer, but there is no way that is
possible.”span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The students in the 2004
cohort had similar concerns with availability of timely feedback with one
student stating “No instant feedback in case of a problem or concern.”o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in'>i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>span style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/i>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in'>i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>span style='color:black'>Question Four (2003,
2004 and 2005):span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>In what way can the
(web-based, class) presentations be improved for Nonlinear Equations?o:p>/o:p>/span>/i>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Similar to
the question about what they liked least about the course, many of the
respondents answered that there was nothing that they would suggest to
improve presentations.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>This was
especially notable in the responses from students enrolled in the 2003 group
of students who received instruction through the web-enhanced lecture
modality.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Of the 26 students who
responded to this question, 50% answered either i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>nothing/i> or made a laudable comment.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>For example, one student wrote, “Certainly
no improvements are necessary as far as I can see.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>I always feel very well prepared to do the
homework after class.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>I think that the
class presentations are very clear”.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
/span>Of the remaining 13 students, one simply wrote ‘not sure’.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Although not as strong in the other
delivery modalities, a few students also replied with no suggestions for
improvement (20% in 2004 and 11% in 2005).o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:.5in'>span
style='color:black;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Of those who
did provide feedback, there was one dominating theme, regardless of delivery
modality, and that was a request for more examples with approximately
one-third of students in each class identifying this as an area of potential
improvement, including comments about variation in the examples (29% in 2003,
35% in 2004, and 30% in 2005).span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Many
suggestions were very specific in nature and the subject was addressed by
only one student.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>For example, in both
2003 and 2005 one student in each section expressed interest in learning more
about MAPLE.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>In 2004, a student
suggested making hard copies available on CD.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
/span>However, with the exception of the request for more and varied
examples, there were no other notable themes.o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>span
style='color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/b>/p>
p class=MsoNormal>b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>span
style='color:black'>Conclusionso:p>/o:p>/span>/b>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left'>span
style='color:black'>span style='mso-tab-count:1'> /span>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left'>span
style='color:black'>span style='mso-tab-count:1'> /span>The findings
of both the cognitive assessment data as well as the survey data suggests
that the use of web-based modules provides students with enhanced likelihood
to succeed in the course.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Students
consistently performed better on achievement measures as well as survey items
from the 2003 cohort as compared to the other three groups of students.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Students in the cohort that received their
instruction in the more traditional, face-to-face mode, without benefit of
either supplementary or primary web-based materials, consistently performed
lower than the other three groups, both on achievement measures as well as
satisfaction measures.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The findings of
the qualitative data support the contention presented by other research that
students find different and varied resources helpful.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The use of multiple methods within the web
modules created, e.g., textbook, notes, lecture videos, simulations and
exercises, provides a variety of resources that maybe more or less helpful to
specific student depending on their learning style. span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left'>b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'>o:p> /o:p>/b>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left'>b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'>Future Study o:p>/o:p>/b>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left'>span
style='mso-tab-count:1'> /span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left'>span
style='mso-tab-count:1'> /span>With renewed funding from National
Science Foundation of USA until March 2007, we are adding web-based modules
for four more topics - Simultaneous Linear Equations, Regression,
Integration, Differential Equations.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>In
2006, we are seeking funding for three more modules – Differentiation, Fast
Fourier Transforms, and Fundamentals of Scientific Computing to complete the resources
for a typical undergraduate course in Numerical Methods.o:p>/o:p>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left;text-indent:.5in'>Since
Fall 2004, we are using the three assessment tools for a study not only at st1:place>st1:PlaceType>University/st1:PlaceType>
of st1:PlaceName>South Florida/st1:PlaceName>/st1:place>, but also at Florida
A&M University (FAMU) and Milwaukee School of Engineering (MSOE).span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>This partnership among three universities is
allowing us to measure the effectiveness of the web-based modules in a
diverse student population:o:p>/o:p>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:left;
text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in'>![if !supportLists]>span
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:
Symbol'>span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
/span>/span>/span>![endif]>underrepresented minorities and women in
engineering (FAMU), o:p>/o:p>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:left;
text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in'>![if !supportLists]>span
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:
Symbol'>span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
/span>/span>/span>![endif]>transfer and over traditional-age adult
students (USF), o:p>/o:p>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:left;
text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in'>![if !supportLists]>span
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:
Symbol'>span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
/span>/span>/span>![endif]>diverse engineering majors – Mechanical,
Electrical, Chemical, and Biomedical,o:p>/o:p>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:left;
text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in'>![if !supportLists]>span
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:
Symbol'>span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
/span>/span>/span>![endif]>class sizes – small (FAMU), medium (MSOE), and
large (USF),b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>o:p>/o:p>/b>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:left;
text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in'>![if !supportLists]>span
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:
Symbol'>span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
/span>/span>/span>![endif]>computational systems (Matlab at FAMU and MSOE,
and Maple at USF).b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>o:p>/o:p>/b>/p>
p class=MsoBodyText align=left style='text-align:left'>We anticipate formally
presenting and publishing the assessment results for the full course in 2008.o:p>/o:p>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'>i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>o:p> /o:p>/i>/p>
p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'>i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>Acknowledgments - This material is based upon work supported by the
National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. 0126793 and 0341468, and the
Research for Undergraduates Program in the USF College of Engineering.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or
recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do
not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>We want to thank Dr. James Eison of the /i>st1:place>st1:PlaceName>i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>USF/i>/st1:PlaceName>i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'> /i>st1:PlaceType>i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>College/i>/st1:PlaceType>/st1:place>i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'> of Education who helped in designing the assessment instruments. o:p>/o:p>/i>/p>
p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'>b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'>span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/b>/p>
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normal'>span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/b>/p>
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"Times New Roman";color:black'>Bibliographyo:p>/o:p>/span>/b>/p>
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"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>DC/span>/st1:State>/st1:place>span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black'> (1999).o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.25in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l10 level1 lfo15;
tab-stops:list .25in'>![if !supportLists]>span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>14.span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
/span>/span>/span>![endif]>span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>N. Sonwalker,
The sharp edge of the cube: pedagogically driven instruction design for
online education”, Syllabus Online Magazine, December 2001.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>/span>span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>a href="http://www.syllabus.com/">http://www.syllabus.com/a>/span>span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black'>, accessed /span>span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>September
2002.o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.25in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l10 level1 lfo15;
tab-stops:list .25in'>![if !supportLists]>span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>15.span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
/span>/span>/span>![endif]>span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>S.S. Chapra and
R.P. Canale, Numerical Methods for Engineers, /span>st1:place>st1:City>span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>McGraw Hill/span>/st1:City>span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>,
/span>st1:State>span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>New York/span>/st1:State>/st1:place>span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>, NY, 2002.o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.25in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l10 level1 lfo15;
tab-stops:list .25in'>![if !supportLists]>span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>span style='mso-list:Ignore'>16.span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
/span>/span>/span>![endif]>span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>B.S.
Bloom, i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
Handbook I: Cognitive Domain/i>, David McKay Co (1956).o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.25in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l10 level1 lfo15;
tab-stops:list .25in'>![if !supportLists]>span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>span style='mso-list:Ignore'>17.span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
/span>/span>/span>![endif]>span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>R.
Likert, A technique for the measurement of attitudes, Archives of Psychology
140, 55 (1932).o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.25in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l10 level1 lfo15;
tab-stops:list .25in'>![if !supportLists]>span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>span style='mso-list:Ignore'>18.span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
/span>/span>/span>![endif]>span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>D. /span>st1:City>st1:place>span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black'>Montgomery/span>/st1:place>/st1:City>span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black'>, i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Design
and Analysis of Experiments/i>, 5sup>th/sup> Ed., John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., /span>st1:place>st1:City>span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>New
York/span>/st1:City>span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>, /span>st1:State>span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black'>NY/span>/st1:State>/st1:place>span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black'>, 2001.o:p>/o:p>/span>/p>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent align=center style='text-align:center;text-indent:
0in;line-height:16.0pt'>b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>o:p> /o:p>/span>/b>/p>
/td>
/tr>
/table>
p class=MsoBodyTextIndent align=center style='text-align:center;text-indent:
0in;line-height:16.0pt'>o:p> /o:p>/p>
/div>
div style='mso-element:footnote-list'>![if !supportFootnotes]>br clear=all>
hr align=left size=1 width="33%">
![endif]>
div style='mso-element:footnote' id=ftn1>
p class=MsoFootnoteText>a style='mso-footnote-id:ftn1' href="#_ftnref1"
name="_ftn1" title="">span class=MsoFootnoteReference>span style='mso-special-character:
footnote'>![if !supportFootnotes]>span class=MsoFootnoteReference>span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'>[1]/span>/span>![endif]>/span>/span>/a> We were
planning to implement the fourth modality in Summer 2005.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>However, due to certain circumstances, it was
co-taught by two instructors and hence assessments were not conducted like in
previous semesters.span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The fourth modality
will be implemented again in Summer 2006./p>
/div>
div style='mso-element:footnote' id=ftn2>
p class=MsoFootnoteText>a style='mso-footnote-id:ftn2' href="#_ftnref2"
name="_ftn2" title="">span class=MsoFootnoteReference>span style='mso-special-character:
footnote'>![if !supportFootnotes]>span class=MsoFootnoteReference>span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'>[2]/span>/span>![endif]>/span>/span>/a> span
style='color:black'>In the previous studysup>7/sup> that examined results
from two of the four delivery modalities, student performance was measured
using results from 12 multiple choice questions (6 questions each from
Nonlinear Equations and Interpolation) as part of the final examination.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>The six questions of each topic were based on
the corresponding six levels of Bloom’s taxonomysup>16/sup>.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>Since Summer 2004, only 4 questions are asked
in the final examination on each topic, two at the lower level of Bloom’s
taxonomy, and two at the higher level of Bloom’s taxonomy.span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> /span>This was done as the whole final examination
was made multiple-choice since Summer 2003./span>/p>
/div>
div style='mso-element:footnote' id=ftn3>
p class=MsoFootnoteText>a style='mso-footnote-id:ftn3' href="#_ftnref3"
name="_ftn3" title="">span class=MsoFootnoteReference>span style='mso-special-character:
footnote'>![if !supportFootnotes]>span class=MsoFootnoteReference>span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'>[3]/span>/span>![endif]>/span>/span>/a> Other
(OT) category includes students transferring form other universities or
community colleges without having received a formal degree from those
institutions./p>
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